The view from Arenenberg, Switzerland. In the background you see the Bodensee (Lake Constance). I took this picture some weeks ago, on my second trip to Arenenberg. It’s a huge favourite of mine, although Napoleon himself was never there of course. Hortense moved into exile in Switzerland, and it was here that Napoleon III grew up. Later as emperor he bought the house back and restored it in the fashion of his childhood.

The museum shop offers a whole line of unrelated junk, but to my surprise they also had a little book sale, including several rare editions of first hand memoirs of the Napoleonic era. I had to summon all my self restraint not to purchase the whole lot. I can’t bear the thought of those books falling in the wrong hands, even if they were wildly overpriced.

It’s Norwegian Constitution Day (syttende mai) today, celebrating the 1814 constitution. The union Denmark-Norway sided with Napoleonic France against the sixth coalition. In the Treaty of Kiel (Kielfreden), January 14 1814, hostilities ended between Denmark-Norway and the opposition, mainly United Kingdom and Sweden. The coalition defeated the French at the Battle of Nations (Leipzig) in October 1813, and although Danish and Swedish battles continued, the result was inevitable. With the coalition poised to take Paris, the Danish surrendered.

The terms of the Treaty of Kiel were harsh for Denmark: Frederick VI ceded Heligoland to George III, and most of Norway to the Swedish King Karl XIII. Norway didn’t accept the terms, however, and with the Swedish army on the continent, the Danish crown prince and viceroy, Christian Frederick, helped set up an independence movement. Norway’s national assembly declared independence in Eidsvoll, May 17th. After a short war with Sweden, a union was agreed with Sweden with the Convention of Moss, and the Swedish King was elected as King of Norway.

If I remember correctly, this is my seventh syttende mai abroad. It will be celebrated by reading Peer Gynt and Knausgård (above) on the train. I even have a flag my dad sent me some years ago.


Word Championship in chess is has started in Moscow. World champion Vishy Anand (India, 2791) faces challenger Boris Gelfand (Israel, 2727). I have the distinct feeling the people aren’t too excited about the match, especially now that the first four games were all drawn. But another reason: Rating-wise it’s number 4 against number 20 (officially, 22 unofficially). Gelfand is in other words a real underdog, and someone whose results and playing styles hasn’t had the kibitzers’ blood boiling. Actually, neither has Anand’s play as of late: his performance in the top tournaments in the last year has been underwhelming.

The sense is, I think, that the World championship should be a matter for the new generation of players, in particular Aronian and Carlsen (number 2 and 1 respectively). Looking at the FIDE top 100 it’s noteworthy that there is no one older than Gelfand (1969) above him in the ranking. In fact, only Anand at 4th is born the same year. Going backwards we only hit someone older at rank 40, the venerable Nigel Short (1965). Carlsen in contrast is of the more recent 1990 vintage.

Although I would love to see Carlsen play for the World Championship, I’m not too bothered that he’s not playing this time around. The Chess World Championship has been a persistently controversial affair since the early 90s, and only with Anand unifying the titles against Kramnik have we regained some stability. No one in their right mind can deny that Anand deserves his title: he is a player of both astonishing ability and unusual sportsmanship. I recall that before the Kramnik match commentators were doubting whether Anand had what it takes to win a chess match at the highest level. Anand was a world class tournament player, but hadn’t had equal success in candidate matches (nor in his match against Kasparov). Yet Anand went on to win handsomely, not only as the better tactical player but as the best prepared player.

Moreover, Gelfand’s record against Anand in classical games is very good. He is known as a very solid player, theoretically strong and with excellent preparation. He is well-suited for match play, and, in fact, he has done consistently well in candidate matches in the past. Overall, it is a meeting between two experienced players, both equally unlikely to succumb to the pressure or to play risky chess.

The inevitable result is drawn games — maybe lots of them. That is normal in World championships, however, even in the ones that define the chess era. The psychology of repeating theoretical lines, in-match (but out of game) analysis, is what characterizes a match at this level. If that’s not enough, we have a guarantee of increased risk-taking. As Gelfand approaches the end of the match, all draws is not really an option for him. He will be aware that Anand is substantially better rapid player, and if the match were to proceed into the non-classic phase, his winning chances are very slim.

 

It’s May 5th, the day Napoleon died on St Helena in 1821. Before the retour des cendres (confusingly not the return of the ashes but the corpse), Napoleon’s body was laid to rest in a grave at nearby the Longwood estate (seen above). General Bertrand and marquis de Montholon both wanted that the grave be marked with the imperial `Napoleon’, while Hudson Lowe, the English gaoler, only recognized Napoleon as an officer, and thus insisted on his full name, ‘Napoleon Bonaparte’. The result was a unmarked grave.

In my series of German cities and their Napoleonic history I start with Mainz. We just had a short one-day excursion to Mainz, and I had to check out the history of the city. I knew it was a French possession after the Revolutionary Wars, but that was just about it. In fact, the French revolutionary army occupied Mainz in 1792, and the local Jacobins proclaimed the Republic of Mainz. It was a short-lived affair: The city was subsequently besieged by Prussian forces, and by July 1793 the French had surrendered.

The Napoleonic phase of the city starts properly after the Treaty of Campo Formio. (Signed October 18 1797, this treaty was the direct result of General Bonaparte’s victorious efforts against the Austrians in Italy.) One of the terms of the Treaty was an extension of French borders to the Rhine River. This marked the end of Mainz as an electorate in the Holy Roman Empire, and soon after Mainz became part of a new French département called Mont-Tonnerre.

Mainz were to become a major rallying point for eastward bound French regiments, and because of its tactical location on the Rhine, it had a garrison of at least 10 000. Napoleon inspected the city himself on several occasions, and arranged for expansions of the Festung Mainz. Not an idle project it turned out, as the French later became besieged in Mainz after the Battle of Nations. A typhus epidemic broke out, killing 17 000 French soldiers before the siege ended with the surrender of Paris.

I hadn’t really done my homework properly, however. If I had, I wouldn’t have missed the fact that it’s possible to visit Napoleon’s residence in Mainz. That will hopefully be the second installment of this post.

April 2006. Chelsea beats ManU 3-0 at Stamford Bridge to take the Premiership. It is José Mourinho’s second title in England, his fourth title in a row as a manager. Upon receiving his medal he throws both it and his jacket (still carrying his wallet) into the cheering home crowd. Then, when he’s offered a replace medal, he throws that to the spectators as well. As if to say, honours don’t matter – only winning. Trinkets and goblets only serve to weigh down this promethean character.

Unlike most managers, Mourinho has succeeded in making football narratives about himself. Not about the players, the transfers, the money, the referees, the owners, or the wags. Just about Mourinho. Everyone has a Mourinho moment, the incident that led them to loath or admire him. For me it was the teary embrace with Materazzi as he, Mourinho, prepared to leave Inter behind and join Real Madrid. (Materazzi, the Rolls Royce defender here sobbing over the loss of his coach, is the same Materazzi whose most inspired football contribution was to be the victim of Zindane’s World Cup head butt.) I admit that’s a bit late in the game. True followers of football had Mourinho pegged long before. Some as Bobby Robson’s gifted Portugese interpreter/protegé, others as the treble winner with Porto. Still others as the Special One, after his Chelsea press conference: a virtuose media performance, with Mourinho himself coining the nickname: “I’m the European Champion. So I’m not … I’m not on of the bottle. I think I am a special one.”

Despite his hubris and slight Portugese lisp, it became hard to make fun of the Special one after winning the Premiership in his first Chelsea season. Harder yet after he departed for Inter (after some foreseeable trouble with Abramovich, oligarch and meddler), and took the Milan team to win the Scudetto, the Italian cup, and the biggest price of all, the Champions league. Not news to Mourinho – he had already done it with Porto. The Chelsea supporters still chant his name, forever disenchanted with Abramovich’s series of well paid replacements.

Loving Mourinho is a privilege, for he doesn’t make it easy. Liverpool supporters will recall his outrageous taunt, hushing the home crowd during a cup final with Chelsea. From eye poking to simply poking fun, Mourinho has left a string of offended parties on his campaigns across the European continent. What did he say to Pep Guardiola and Ibrahimovic during the El Clasico? Did he really think celebrating with Barcelona goalie Valdés was a good idea? Yet, his players do love him. The Chelsea veterans from the Mourinho era (Lampard, Terry, Drogba) are sometimes called the Old Guard. They are the experienced and aging elite, equally scared and decorated from Mourinho’s English campaign. For them, the memory of the Special One’s grey overcoat is strong enough that they frequently rebel against their new commanders. And when they do win, like yesterday’s grueling game against Barcelona, it is with a tactical instinct that survived Mourinho’s departure. A Chelsea v Madrid final in the 2012 edition Champions League will be a loyalty test for many – but a victory for the game’s foremost protagonist, no matter the scoreline.

Both for Mourinho’s detractors and acolytes it’s easy to imagine that nothing would be more satisfying than a Barca v Madrid final in the upcoming final. The reason is the epic mano-a-mano that is Ronaldo, regal Madrilenian bull, versus, Messi, Catalonian Argentinian David and Unicef poster boy. It is touted as the grand narrative of today’s football, record breaking down to the clinical detail (advertisement revenue included).

It leaves me completely cold. Mourinho’s story is infinitely more complex than their high school intrigue. If anything it is a mere subplot in Mourinho’s grander odyssey, a storyline that has a life beyond offside and onside, beyond football even. And even though prophesy isn’t my strong suit, it’s an odyssey that might just end with Mourinho – his last controversy behind him – dictating his memoirs whilst coaching some trophy-less island team. Maybe RCD Mallorca. Or better still, AC Ajaccio.

What is now proved was once, only imagin’d.  – Proverbs of Hell, William Blake

Incredible news for philosophy at LMU Munich and MCMP today. Stephen Hartmann (Tilburg) will join us on an Alexander von Humboldt Professorship. This is the second von Humboldt Professorship awarded to philosophy at LMU in as many years. Last year of course, Hannes Leitgeb used his award money to start the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP).

But the best part of it is that in addition to taking up a permanent chair in philosophy of science, Hartmann will join forces with the MCMP. Needless to say, it’s going to make our operation a lot bigger. Hartmann’s arrival will mean further positions added to the already growing community at LMU.

Here is an announcement from the MPhi blog:

The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation just announced that Professor Stephan Hartmann (presently at Tilburg, http://stephanhartmann.org/) will be awarded an Alexander-von-Humboldt Professorship. There will be some final negotiations, but if they are successful, then Professor Hartmann will take up the chair in philosophy of science at LMU Munich and combine this with his Alexander-von-Humboldt Professorship which would be the second Alexander-von-Humboldt Professorship in philosophy in Munich in a row. Additionally, Stephan Hartmann and his future team in Munich will join the Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy.

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